![]() ![]() Thus the smallest voltage difference that the 8-bit ADC, with a ± 5 V range, can measure is 39 mV.ĪDCs are available with resolutions varying from 8 to 24 bits. Where V + and V - are the positive and negative limits of the voltage range. These special topics include switched-capacitor filters, electronically tunable analog filters, nonlinear modeling by means of the analog computer, and image reconstruction for synthetic aperture radar by optical processing techniques. Since it will not be possible to discuss all the different classes of analog processing techniques and devices, and because many of these are treated elsewhere, attention will be devoted to reviewing important mathematical tools used in analog signal analysis, discussing the connection between modern analog signal processing and its origins in the analog computer, and examining several particularly important historical topics in analog signal processing. Both active filters and switched-capacitor filters are closely related historically to the analog computer, from which the term analog first originated.Īnalog signals can be processed by many different types of devices, some of which are surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters, charge-coupled devices (CCDs), high-frequency distributed-parameter circuits, or optical circuits, to name only a few. This subject is treated in more detail in Section VI. Switched-capacitor circuits, which contain capacitors, transistor switches, and operational amplifiers, have been successfully used for analog pre- and postfilters required at the interface between analog and digital systems. During the past few years, switched-capacitor filters have become popular as high-precision replacements for certain types of active filters that are to be realized in monolithic form as part of a more extensive integrated system. The active filter is probably the most common analog signal processor in use today. Spectral shaping is probably the most common form of analog signal processing and is typically done with either passive (containing resistors, capacitors, and inductors) or active analog filters. Jenkins, in Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology (Third Edition), 2003 I IntroductionĪnalog signals are processed by specially designed devices, circuits, or systems to extract parametric information or to alter the characteristics of the input signal in some prescribed way.
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